Taariikhda TET MAGAZINES ee Cochin China - Qaybta 2aad
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH
Sii wad continued
Cillad darrada dadku waxay ka kooban tahay fekerka ah in dadka kale ay ka barako badan yihiin naftooda, halka dhab ahaantii, maalin kasta, ay helayaan duco aad uga badan kuwa kale ee la midka ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee ducadu way yar tahay, waa inaan dareemno inaan ku faraxsanahay inaan haysano, maadaama ay kaligeen abuurtay sida hoyga, in kasta oo ay cidhiidhi tahay, haddana waxay ku tartameysaa cadaadiska dabaysha, iyo sidoo kale burburka bambooyin fiiqan.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo lagu raaxeysto, kuwaas oo ka mid ah kuwa marinnada ah iyo waddooyinka firfircoon ayaa ah kuwa ay tahay inaan ka fikirno marka guga soo noqdo.
Wariyayaal badan oo wakhtigaas jiray ayaa qiimeeyay hoos u dhaca ku jira waxyaabaha xilliyada Guga shantii sano ee dagaalku socday.
Taasi waxay ahayd xaalada Cochin China taas oo Ho Bieu Chanh [Hồ Biểu Chánh] waa mid ka mid ah markhaatiga taariikhiga ah.
U fiirsashada xagga Hanoi - gogosha umadda oo dhan - wariyayaashu waxay lahaayeen, iyada oo loo marayo joornaalada sida Tri Tan [Tri Tân] (Aqoonta Cusub) Than Nghi [Thanh N la'aan] ()Fikradda Dadweynaha) Trung Bac Chu waa wax la yaab leh [Trung Bắc Chủ nhật] (Bartamaha iyo Waqooyiga Axadda), oo looga tagay faa iidadeena dukumiinti fara badan, oo loo adeegsaday wareegyada Saxaafadda iyo Suugaanta. Si toosan uhadlaya. arrimaha xilliga gu'ga ee Trung Bac Chu waa wax la yaab leh [Trung Bắc Chủ nhật], phong Hoa [Phong Hoá] iyo Naa Maya [Ngày Nay] wuxuu ka adkaaday maskaxda akhristayaasha Cochin Shiine.
Marka la eego phong Hoa [Phong Hoá] iyo Naa Maya [Ngày Nay], joornaaladaasi waxay ka xaqiijiyeen booskoodii hore ee joornaalada iyo joornaalada. Shaqsiyaadka hal abuurka leh sida Ly Toet, Xa Xe, Bang Ban [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ, Bang Bạnh]… waxay ka dhigan tahay dhacdo layaableh oo ka mid ah noocyada joornaalada iyo wargeysyada mudadaas mudada ah. Gaar ahaan shaqsiyaadka sida Ly Toet iyo Xa Xe [Lý Toét, Xã Xệ]… ayaa mar labaad kasoo muuqday joornaalada lagu qoro Faransiiska. Weriyeyaasha, oo u diyaarinaya arrimaha xilliga guga joornaalada kala duwan, waxay u adeegsadeen sawir gacmeedyo matalaya labadaas qof ee male-awaalka ah - oo loo arko inay yihiin kuwa caadiga ah ee reer Fiitnaam - sidaas darteedna, waxaan fursad u heli doonnaa inaan u soo bandhigno akhristayaashayada ku saabsan xilligeenna Guga ee sanadkan.
Kadib Faransiisku wuxuu ku noqday Saigon [Sài Gòn] markii labaad, labada wargeys Tuong Lai [Tương Lai] (Future) iyo Phuc Hung [Soo kabsashada Hưng] (Soo kabashada) wuxuu jeclaa inuu ku raaxeysto Taag [Tết] waqti hore. Astaamo gaar ah, joornaaladahan ayaa leh dadaal ay ku daabacayaan magacyada kaararka magaca haye ee salaanta sanadka cusub ' Binh Tuat [Bính Tuất] sannad (1946). Waqtigaas, qaranku wuxuu bilaabay dagaalkiisa iska caabin ah ee ka dhanka ah Faransiiska, laakiin joornaalka Phuc Hung [P badbaadc Hưng] wuxuu weli rajeynayaa nabad waarta.
“Xilliga gu'ga ee Binh Tuat [Bính Tuất]1946), Joornaalka Phuc Hung [Pachic Hưng] wuxuu u gudbiyaa hamigiisa ugu wanagsan dhammaan akhristayaasha, isagoo rajeynaya inay ku raaxeysan doonaan: Peace - Freedom - Happiness".
Xilliga gu'ga soo socda (1947) Wareegtada Saxaafadda waxaa buux dhaafiyay magacyo kale sida: Vietnam Laakiin [Việt Bút] (Qalinka Vietnamese), Tin Diin [Tin Điện] (Wararka Flash), Kien Thiet [Kiến Thiết] (Dib-u-dhiska), Su Taasi [Sự Thật] (Runta), Len Dang [Lên Đàng] (Bilaabidda hal waddo), Noo Ky [Nam Kỳ] (Cochin Shiinaha), Tan Vietnam [Tân Việt] (Fiyatnaam Cusub), Tieng Goi [Tiếng Goi] (Wicitaankii). Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jiray laba kaliya oo iyaga ka mid ahaa oo mudan in tixgelin la siiyo. Waxay ahaayeen mawduuca guga ee Mr. iyo Mrs. Laakiin Tra [Bút Trà] - ie Kien Thiet [Kiến Thiết] Arrinta xilliga gu'ga ee Qareen garka [Chín], iyo Noo Ky [Nam Kỳ] Arrinta xilliga gu'ga ee Mr. Truong [Trường].
Sannadkii 1948 - Saxaafaddu waxay umuuqatay sidii mid lagu soo toosay arrimo badan oo kala duwan oo xilliyada Guga ah oo loo qaadan karo inay yihiin xoogaa prolix ah. Muddadan, arrimo badan oo kala geddisan xilliyada gu'ga ayaa soo noolaaday oo midba midka kale ku tartamay soo bandhigidda Salaamaha Sannadka Cusub iyadoo la adeegsanayo magacyo aad u “qurux badan oo qaran” sida Xilligii Xilliga Xorriyadda [Xuân Giài Phóng] - Waqtiga Xilliga Xagaaga [Xuân Khói Lửa] - National Xilliga Gu'ga [Xuân Dân Tộc]…
Maaddaama ay tahay muuqaal gaar ah iyo sida casriga ah - tiro ka mid ah guryaha daabacaadda sida Tan Vietnam [Tan Viêt], Nam Cuong [Nam Cường] sidoo kale waxay daabacday arrimo gaar ah oo xilliga Gu'ga. Xitaa ururada of the Cao Dai [Cao Đài] iyo Hoa Hao [Hoà Hảo] ciidamada (Cao Dai iyo Hoa Hao waa koox diineed) Iyo sidoo kale Roman Catholic Ururada [Thiên chúa giáo] sidoo kale waxay daabaceen joornaalada xilliga guga, iyagoo wata magacyo masraxiyadeed aad u badan sida: Sound of the Bell Springtime Magazine [Xuân Tiếng Kèn], Magazine Eastern Spring Magazine [Xuân Miền Đông], Fighting Magazine Spring Magazine [Xuân Chiến Đấu]…
Si kastaba ha noqotee, la macaamilka kaliya muuqaalka - Wareegga Saxaafadda ayaa rumeysan in labada arrimood ee gaarka ah ee xilliyada gu'ga, oo lagu daabacay horumarka xaaladdii sannadihii 1949 iyo 1950 ay u noqdeen moodello dhammaan joornaalada xilliga guga xilligaas iyo wixii xilligaas ka dambeeyay. Hagaajinta tusaalahan ayaa soo sawiray sawir cadaalad ah oo muuqaal ah, qaab iyo nuxur ahaanba, oo ah xaaladda ay wareegga saxaafadda loogu oggolaaday inuu ku raaxeysto nidaamka saxaafadda ee albaab-furan (ilaa gugii 1950) - laakiin goorma ayuu yimid sanadkii 1951, mar kale majaladaha xilliyada guga ayaa hoos u dhacay. Wareegtada iyo dib udhaca wareegyada Saxaafadda waxay sidoo kale muujinayaan xaaladaha siyaasadeed iyo kuwa dhaqaale ee aan xasilloonayn dhammaan dhulka Indochina.
Sidee qofku u kala saari karaa joornaalada guga iyo wargeysyada iyadoo la tixgelinayo ujeedoyinka siyaasadeed, farshaxanimo, bulsho iyo dhaqan… ay ku muujiyeen si daacad ah oo daacad ah - tani waa wax u baahan shaqo cilmi baaris dhab ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab kala duwan - habka cilmi baarista, habka taariikh , habka daraasaadka siyaasada political
Habka cilmi baarista lafteedu ma ahan arin fudud inkasta oo aan gacanta ku hayno joornaallo kale oo xilliga gu'ga ah si aan u tirino sida Dong Thanh Xuan [Đông Thanh Xuân] 1935Codkii Gu'ga 0rient 1935) waxaa daabacay Dr. Tran Nhu Lan [Trần Như Lan], Maya Xuan [Maya Xuân] (Maanta Spring), Tan Tien Xuan [Taann Tiến Xuân] (Guga casriga ah), Dan Ba Moi [Đàn Bà Mới] (Haweenka Cusub) waxaa daabacay Bang Duong [Băng Dương], Sai Thanh Hoa bao [Sài Thành Họa haddiio] (Saigon ayaa sharraxay), Tan Thoi [Tân Thời] (Waqtiyada casriga ah), Tu Do [Samee] (Freedom), Dong Nai [Naing Nai], Dong Duong [Đông Duong] (Indochina), Nu Gioi [Nữ Gới] (Adduunyada haweenka), Hooyo Hoc [Khoa Học] (sayniska), Song [Sống] (Life) - Cuno Bong [Chớp Bóng] (movie), Van Hoc [Văn Học] tuan san (Joornaalka todobaadlaha dhaqanka), Niet Ban [Niết Bàn] (nirvanaDhamaan joornaalada xilliga gu'ga waa inaan si gaar ah ugu fiirsano kuwa yar sida Mai (Berrito) waxaa daabacay Dao Trinh Nhat [Đào Tihinh Nhật], Tan Van [Tan Văn] (Suugaanta cusub) waxaa daabacay Phan Van Thiet [Phan Văn Thiết], Nuux Bao [Nhựt Báo] (Wargeyska maalinlaha ah) iyo Dan Moi [Dnn Mới] (Dad Cusub) waxaa daabacay Nguyen Bao Toan [Nguyễn Bảo Toàn] iyo Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai]. Waa inaan sidoo kale ogaano wararka xanta ah ee wareegga saxafaddu aamminsan yahay in kuwa saddexaad ee caalamiga ahi leeyihiin Dai Chung [Đại Chúng] (Masaajidda) wargeyska iyo afaraad ee caalamiga ah ayaa leh Tranh David [Tranh Đấu] (Dagaal) joornaal u dhashay astaamo gaar ah iyo asal ahaan.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, wax ka qabashada dusha sare iyo muuqaalka arrimaha gaarka ah ee xilliga Gu'ga, waxaan arki karnaa,, bilowgii, tirada bogaggoodu aad bay u yaraayeen, marka la barbar dhigo midka wargeysyada maalinlaha ah ee caadiga ah - miyaanay ahayn maxaa yeelay qodobbada waa inay ahaadaan xuddun u ahayd maaddooyinka gu'ga, markaa si taxaddar leh ayaa loo doortay? Arrinta guga ee Dhabarka Trung [Trung Lập] (1933) wuxuu leeyahay oo keliya 10 bog oo ah cabirro caadi ah, oo qiimihiisu yahay 15 senti; waxaa jiray oo keliya Xuan Phu Nu Tan Van [Xuân Phabilitation Nữ Tân Văn] (Suugaanta Cusub ee Haweenka) taasi waxay ahayd mid qaro weyn oo ka kooban 38 bog - oo leh 4 bog oo dabool ah oo la daabacay gaar ahaan midabbo aad u yaab badnaa, laakiin qiimaha iibku wuxuu ahaa kaliya 20 senti. Waqtiga ay Ka badan Chung [Thần Chung] (Mucjisada Bell) la joojiyay akhristayaasha badbaadiyey dareenka ay u Phu Nu Tan Van [Pulin Nữ Tân Văn] ee kor lagu soo xusay Duoc Nha Nam [Đuốc Nhà Nam] (Tooska Dadka Vietnamese) oo ay daabaceen Nguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long] iyo Nguyen Van Sam [Nguyễn Văn Sâm] sanadkii 1935 sidoo kale waxay ahayd mid aad u wanaagsan oo leh 20 bog, oo si fiican loo daabacay laguna iibiyo midkiiba 20 senti. Kadibna sanadkii 1936, arinta xilliga gu'ga oo cinwaankeedu yahay "Vietnam", oo ay daabacday Nguyen Phan Long [Nguyễn Phan Long], waxay lahayd 24 bog waxaana lagu iibiyay qiimo xitaa kayar 20 senti.
Qodobka dhamaadka sanadka ee Phuc Hung [Soo kabsashada Hưng] (Soo celinta) oo la daabacay 1946 wuxuu u weynaa sida nus ka mid ah arin maalinle ah oo caadi ah waxaana la iibiyay 1 piastre.
Waqtigaas, Qaar ka mid ah Waxyaabaha Gaarka ah ee Xilliga Jiilaalka ayaa ahaa kuwo si dhakhso leh u iibiya, kaliya maahan sawiradooda ama sawirradooda daboolka ka ah - sida kiiska xilligii Guga Anh Sang [Ánh Sáng] (Light) ee Lu Khe [Lữ Khê] - ama sababo badan oo bogag ah sida kiiska Ka badan Chung [Thần Chung] (Mucjisada Bell) ee Nam Dinh [Nam Đình], laakiin sidoo kale bakhtiyaanasiib loo isticmaalay "suuqgeyn" sida kiiska Saigon Moi [Sài Gòn Mới] (Saigon Cusub) waxaa daabacay Mrs. But Tra [Bút Trà]. Sida astaamaha gaarka ah, qodobka Gu'ga ee Doc Thay [Đōc Thấy] (Akhri oo arag) oo uu daabacay Tran Van An [Trần Văn An], ayaa si dhakhso leh loo iibiyay maaddaama ay ahayd "saddex arrimood mid qudha" oo lagu iibiyey qiime macquul ah, halka akhristayaasha loo oggolaaday in ay ka qayb galaan tartan iyagoo wata abaalmarinno badan oo ay ku guuleysan karaan . Sida soosaarka xilliga gu'ga ee 'ah Dan Quy [Dnn Quý] (Dadka Jecel) waxaa daabacay Phan Khac Suu [Phan Khắc Sửu] - waa siyaasad ku taal Koonfurta - iyo Nguyen Van Mai [Nguyễn Văn Mai], waxay si fiican u iibisay iyada oo ay uga mahadcelinayso waxyaabaha la akhrin karo iyo soo bandhigeheeda farshaxan.
Ka sokow, Wareegga Saxaafaddu wuu iska ilaalin waayey inuu midba midka kale la tartamo inuu wargeysyada iyo wargeysyada goor hore soo saaro; iyada oo loo marayo tartan noocan oo kale ah Ka badan Chung [Thần Chung] oo ah Nam Dinh [Nam Đình] ayaa akhristayaasha la wadaagay waxyar ka hor wargeysyada kale ./.
FADLAN BADAN:
◊ Taariikhda TET MAGAZINES ee Cochin China - Qaybta 1aad
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019