MY THO - Cochinchina

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MARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. Juqraafiga Jirka

    Taliyaha Magaalada: mytho [Mỹ Tho] (72 km, laga bilaabo Saigon [Sài Gòn]). Gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho] wuxuu ku yaalaa inta u dhexeysa 10 ° 03 iyo 10 ° 35 latitude waqooyiga, iyo 103 ° 30 iyo 104o38 Longitude dhinaca bari. Waxaa loo qaybiyaa 6 wufuud maamul (Anhoa [An Hoà], Qaahira [Cái Bè], Qaalayid [Cai Lậy], Bentranh [Bến Tranh], Chogao [Chợ Gạo] iyo magaalada ugu weyn), 15 cantons ah 145 tuulo.

    Waxay ku xidhan tahay waqooyiga iyo waqooyi-bari gobolka Tanaan [Tân An]. Xuduudaha waqooyiga waxay ku yaalaan bannaanka Jones, laga bilaabo kaliya [Sa Đéc] tuulada Fumy [Phú Mỹ] (ismaamulada Hangang [Hưng Nhơn]). Waxaa si cajiib leh leh loogu buuxiyay qulqulka geedaha iyo mooryaanta weelka bariiska ah ee sida dabiiciga u baaba'aya inta daadku socdo. Tuulada Fumy [Phú Mỹ] Soohdinta ku taal bannaanka Jones ma aha daad dambe, laakiin wuxuu hoos ugu dhacaa dhinaca bari-koonfur-jihada, waxaana lagu gartaa oo keliya ma aha in lagu jaro geedaha bariiska, laakiin durdurro kaladuwan oo aad u badan ama aad u yar. Dhanka bari, gobollada Gocong [Gò Công], Waa Kuw [Cửa Tiểu], Caa Dai [Cửa Đại] iyo Badda Bari. Dhanka koonfureed, by laanta ee Mekong [Mê Kông], waxaa loogu yeeraa webiga hore, kaasoo kala go'ay mytho [Mỹ Tho] oo ka yimid gobollada Bentre [Bến Tre] (laanta Baai [Ba Lai]), iyo Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long]. Dhanka koonfur-galbeed ee tuulada My An Dong [Mỹ An Đông], oo xuduudeeda ah gobolka kaliya [Sa Đéc]. Dhanka galbeed, gobolka kaliya [Sa Đéc]. Xuduudaha dhinacan waxay ku dhow yihiin gebi ahaanba bannaanka Jones, marka laga reebo qaybta hoose, dhanka webiga. Gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho] waxay leedahay dhul sare oo dabiici ah 223.660 hektar.

    Halka ugu fog, woqooyi-bari ilaa koonfur-galbeed, dhererkeedu waa 115km, iyo 39km, oo ballackeedu weyn yahay, waqooyi ilaa koonfur. Waxay ku taalaa saldhiga ballaadhan ee afka Mekong Wabiga [Mê Kông], oo ay ku jiraan qayb weyn oo ka mid ah gobolka hoose ee loo yaqaan 'Cochin-China'. Gacanta webiga uu qodayo waxaa loogu yeedhaa durdurka hoose, kaas oo haddana ku kala qaybsana, gudaha dalka mytho [Mỹ Tho], oo loo kala yeedhay laba laamood oo waaweyn waa maxay (albaabka), taas oo ah in la yiraahdo: afka wabiga, midka, ku Dai [Cửa Đại] (afka weyn), cua kale Hoolka [Ba Lai] (afka Baai [Ba Lai]). Webiga waxaa kujiraa jasiirado, kuwa ugu weyn oo, jasiiradda Phutuc [Phú Túc], wuxuu ku fidaa galbeed ilaa koonfur-bari ilaa Badda bari, halkaas oo bankiimadiisu qiyaas ahaan tahay 20km. Jasiiradaha kale ayaa si kaladuwan loogu magacaabaa eon (bangiyada ciidda), ama culao (jasiirad), iyadoo loo eegayo inay yihiin qaabdhismeedkii dhawaa ama kuwii hore. Qeybta gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho] wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga waqooyiga Mekong Wabiga [Mê Kông] wuxuu leeyahay niyad-jab aad u weyn oo uu sameeyay dhismooyinka ballaaran ee jiidaha Jones. Qulqulkaan ballaaran, oo ku dhawaad ​​shan-meelood meel ka hooseeya dhulka Cochin-Shiinaha, wuxuu gaarsiisan yahay sedex meelood meel wanaagsan oo ka tirsan gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Waxay kujirtaa woqooyiga cantons ee phongphu [Phong Phú], Phonghoa [Phong Hoá], Loi Thuan [Lợi Thuận], Loitrinh [Lợi Trinh], iyo Hung Nhon [Hưng NHơn]. Magaca deegaanka Annamite ee ku yaal bannaanka Jones waa Dong Thap Muoi [Ng Tháp Mười] (bannaanka Thap Muoi [Tháp Mười]) laga soo bilaabo magaca munaarad qadiimiga ah ee Kambodiya ee ku taal dhulka Sadec, oo ku yaal bannaanka Jones. Iyaguna way u yeeraan Buugga Dat [Đất Bưng] (eray eray: dhul, harraad). Waxaa loo haystaa inay ahayd sariirkii qadiimka ahaa Mekong Wabiga [Mê Kông]. Koonfur iyo koonfur-galbeed ee gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho], iyo sidoo kale jasiiradaha ku yaal Mekong [M [Kông] wabiga, haku dhicin daadadka, laakiin waa bannaano wax soo saar leh iyogiingDhulalka [giòng]. Ciidda ayaa ka weyn qaybta weyn ee mytho [Mỹ Tho] waa dhoobo ()argilugsan). Woqooyi-bari iyo koonfur-bari ee gobolka ciidda ciidda ah, ayaa loo yaqaan “giing”[Giòng] iyo gaar ahaan bacrinsan. Aagga aan caadiga ahayn ee mytho [Mỹ Tho] wuxuu ka kooban yahay 223.660 hektar. Masaafada u jirta magaalada ugu weyn ilaa Bentre [Bến Tre] waxay 14km u jirtaa mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Tanaan [Tân An] 25km. Khuraafaad ilaa Gocong [Gò Công] 34km, iyo mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long] 68km.

    Waxaa jira saddex kanaal oo muhiim ah at mytho [Mỹ Tho]: 1. Ka ugu da'da weyn, oo laga bilaabay hoosta Minh Mang [Minh Mạng], waa marin biyoodka ganacsiga ama Dang Giang [Đằng Giang] kanaalka webiga weyn wuxuu u waday dhanka wabiga Baoo iyo Qaahira [Cái Bè] durdurro. Waxay xariirisaa isgaarsiinta meesha laga soo galo Mekong [Mê Kông] oo ku taal bariga Vaico, oo ku yaal bannaanka Jones; 2. Wadada biyo-xidhka ee isku xidha magaalooyinka waaweyn ee mytho [Mỹ Tho] iyo Tanaan [Tân An]. Dhererkeedu waa 28km dhererkiisuna yahay 80 mitir, oo waxaa had iyo jeer adeegsada doomaha iyo doomaha u dhasha; 3. The Chogao Kanaalka [Chợ Gạo] kanaalka, ama Duperre kanaalka, wuxuu ku mideeyaa durdurka durdurka Kahon ka dibna uu ku biiraa Mekong Wabiga [Mê Kông] oo leh Vaico weyn (baacsiga Godong [Gò Đông]). Kanaalkan waxaa la qoday 1877, dhererkiisuna waa 10.500km iyo ballac 30 mitir. Waa kanalka inta badan soo noqnoqda, ee ay adeegsadaan doomaha wadanku leeyahay iyo sidoo kale dusha maraakiibta "Xawaaladaha". Ugu dambeyntiina, kanaalada waraabka, waxaa lagu gooyaa bannaanka Jones, oo ka dhigaya bayaankan mid qiimo leh. Wadooyinkaas ka sokow, mytho [Mỹ Tho] waxay leedahay waddo laami ah oo isku xira Saigon [Sài Gòn], isagoo sii dhex maraya xarumaha muhiimka ah ee Tanaan [Tnn An] iyo Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. Kaliya 16km oo ka mid ah 71km wadada dheer ee laamiga laga soo bilaabo mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Saigon [Sài Gòn] waxay ku sugan yihiin dhulkii mytho [Mỹ Tho]. Waxay ka bilaabataa saldhiga tareenka weyn ee mytho [Mỹ Tho] wuuna ag marayaa afarta saldhig ee sare: at Trungluong [Trung Lương], Luongphu [Lương Phú], Tanhiep [Tnn Hiệp] iyo Tanhuong [Tân Hương]. mytho [Mỹ Tho] wuxuu kaloo leeyahay 4 waddo oo gumeysteyaal ah kuwaas oo isku xira deriska, gobollada, iyo wadooyinka isku xirka kaniisadaha, oo isku xira tuulooyinka iyo kanaalada. Afarta dariiqo ee gumeysiga ayaa kala ah: 1. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Tanaan [Tnn An]; 2. mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Gocong [Gò Công]; 3 mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Bentre [Bến Tre]; 4 mytho [Mỹ Tho] ku Vinhlong [Vĩnh Long].

II. Juqraafiga Maamulka

    Gobolka mytho [Mỹ Tho] waxaa loo qaybiyaa lix degmo oo maamul: mytho [Mỹ Tho], Anhoa [An Hoa], Bentranh [Bến Tranh], Qaahira [Cai Bè], Qaalay [Cai Lậy] iyo Chogao [Chợ Gạo], 15 cantons iyo 145 tuulo. Meelaha suuqa ugu weyn ee gobolka waa: mytho [Mỹ Tho] (magaalo madax) tuulada Dieuhoa, Anhoa [An Hoa], Qaahira [Cai Bè], Chogao [Chợ Gạo], Qaalay [Cai Lậy], Bochi, Fumy [Phú Mỹ], Tanhiep [Tnn Hiệp], Chogiua, Tanthach [Tnn Thạch], Rachgam [Rạch Gầm], Badua, Caithia [Cái Thiya], Anhuu [Hữu], Caungan [Cầu Ngan], Caila.

DADKA

    156 reer Yurub, 325.070 Annamites, 11.050 Shiinaha, 56 Hindi.

III. Joqraafiga dhaqaalaha

12 / 2019

FIIRO GAAR AH:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Rinjiraha, wuxuu ku dhashay xaafadda Valenciennes - oo ah gobolka ugu hooseeya waqooyiga Faransiiska. Soo koobid nolosha iyo shaqada:
+ 1905-1920: Ka shaqeynta gudaha Indochina oo mas'uul ka ahaa howsha Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Indochina;
+ 1910: Macalinka Dugsiga Far East School ee Faransiiska;
+ 1913: Barashada farshaxanka asaliga ah iyo daabicista dhowr maqaal oo cilmiyeed;
+ 1920: Wuxuu ku noqday Faransiiska wuxuuna soo abaabulay bandhigyo farshaxan ah magaalada Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - sawirro muuqaal ah oo ku saabsan Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, iyo sidoo kale xusuusno qaarkood oo ka yimid Bariga Fog;
+ 1922: Daabacaadda buugaagta Farshaxanka Qurxinta ee Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Waxay ku guuleysteen abaalmarin weyn Bandhiggii Gumeysiga ee Marseille, waxayna iskaashi la sameeyeen naqshadeeyaha Pavillon de l'Indochine si loo abuuro waxyaabo gudaha ah;
+ 1952: Waxay dhimataa da'da 68 waxayna ka tagtaa tiro badan oo sawirro iyo sawirro ah;
+ 2017: Aqoon isweydaarsiga rinjiyeynta ayaa si guul leh ku bilaabatay farcankiisa.

tixraacyada:
"Buug"LA COCHINHIN”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [HĐứng Đức] Daabacayaasha, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Words Erayada Farta Farta Fiyatnaamiska ee sida muuqata loo beeniyay waxaa lagu dhejiyay gudaha calaamadaha oraahda - waxaa dejiyay Ban Tu Thu.

FADLAN BADAN:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊  TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA