GIA ĐINH - Cochinchina

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MARCEL BERNANOISE1

I. Juqraafiga jirka

XAALADDA

     Gobolka Giadinh [Gia Đšh] waxay ku taal bariga Cochin-China waxayna ku fidsan tahay webiga Saigon [Saan Gòn] masaafo u dhow 100 kiiloomitir, laga bilaabo soohdinta gobolka Taningh [Taany Nin] xeebta Ganh Rai, ee Badda Bari. Magaalooyinka Saigon [Saan Gòn] iyo Cho Lon [Cho Lon] kaas oo ka tirsanaan jiray gobolka Giadinh [Gia Đšh], ayaa laga soocay tan iyo markii ay noqdeen Degmooyinka. Aagga sare ee gobolka ayaa ka badan 180.000 hektar.

    Gobollada xaduudka wada Giadinh [Gia Đšh] waa: waqooyiga, gobolka Thudaumot [Tani waa Mid], bariga, gobolada Bienhoa [Biên Hoà] iyo Beriyo [Baa Rịaa]; koonfurta iyo galbeedka, gobolada Gocong [Tag Cong], Cho Lon [Cho Lon] iyo Taningh [Taany Nin].

II. Juqraafiga Maamulka

    Madaxa gobolka (sida dhammaan gobollada kale ee Cochin-China) waxaa jira maamulaha guud ee gobolka, oo ay caawiyaan kuxigeen-maamule, kaasoo matalaya markii loo baahdo, isaga oo hoos imanaya awooda tooska ah ee Gudoomiyaha Gobolka. Madaxa gobolka waxaa caawiya gole wadatashi, oo la yiraahdo golaha gobolka, amarrada deg-degga ahna waxaa u xilsaaran maamulka waa wakiilka maamulka, taliyayaasha iyo kuxigeennada maamulayaasha gobolada, iyo Badhasaabyada degmooyinka. Gobolka Giadinh [Gia Đšh] wuxuu ka koobanyahay 4 wufuud (Govap [Gò Vấp], Thuduc [Thủ Đức], Hocmon [Hốc Môn], Nhabe [Nhà Bè]), 17 cantons iyo 166 degmo.

III. Joqraafiga dhaqaalaha

GARGAARKA

    Dhulkii Giadinh [Gia Đšh] waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo kala duwan. a) Degmooyinka beenta hooseeya waxay kakooban yihiin dhammaan jihada webiga Saigon, ee ficil ahaan laga soo bilaabo Saigon [Saan Gòn] bada. b) Degmooyinka ciidda badan ee beenta ah ayaa laga dheehan karaa Saigon [Saan Gòn] xuduudaha gobollada Taningh [Taany Nin] iyo Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]. Labadan qaybood ee dabiiciga ahi waxay u dhigmaan laba degmo oo beeraha ku kala duwan nooca soosaarkooda. Degmooyinka beenta hooseeya waa asaas ahaan bariiska. Laakiin Degmooyinka ku dhow Badda waxaa daadadku ka buuxeen biyo daadad ah waxaana lagu daboolay kaymaha buuraha leh; miraha waaweyn Degmooyinka sare ayaa gebi ahaanba la beeray, marka laga reebo gobolka daadsan ee Cau An Ha [Cầu An Hạ]. Ku dhawaad ​​magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Giadinh [Gia Đšh], Govap [Go Vấp], Thuduc [Taasi waa] iyo Hocmon [Hốc Mon], dhulku si aad ah ayuu ugu qaybsan yahay saamiyo aad u yar, oo wuxuu gaadhay qiimo weyn. Beeraha ugu weyn waa bariis, cano iyo tubaako. Beeritaanka bariiska ayaa hoos u dhacaya sanadba sannadka ka dambeeya, taas oo jidka u xaareysa abuuritaanka mushaharka badan ee loo yaqaan 'sonkorta iyo sigaarka'. Wax soosaarka sare waxaa ka mid ah beero beero suuqyada, wax soo saarkooda oo si sahlan looga tuuri karo suuqyada Saigon [Saan Gòn] iyo Cho Lon [Cho Lon], canab geedo geedo leh, galley ah, betel-nut, timir kaabash, shaah, kookaha, basbaas, iwm. Ugu dambeyntiina, mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu waaweyn ee hantida beeruhu waa hevea cadaalad ah.caag) dhir.

DHAQANKA

    Tan waxaa si rasmi ah u matalaya mashiinno badan oo qurxinta iyo uumiga ah, sidoo kale matoorrada sonkorta, miinooyinka-dhalada, qaar ka mid ah shaqeynta midabada iyo dhalooyinka. Waxa jira, sii dheeriyaal, hadiyado-dhismeedka iyo hadhaaga-dambe, warqadaha-waraaqaha, iyo qalqal-gal ballaaran ee goobta Thuduc [Taasi waa], iyo warshadaha kalluumeysiga ee xeebta.

Jidadka iyo Gaadiidka

    Gobolka Giadinh [Gia Đšh] waxay leedahay shaqo aad u muhiim ah oo wadooyin ah, oo wadar ahaan ka badan 500 km. ee wadooyinka la soocay, iyo in kabadan 1200km. ee jidadka miyiga la cabiray ama godad aan la soo koobi karin. Waddanku wuxuu maraa waddo-tareenka laga bilaabo Saigon [Saan Gòn] ku Nhatrang [Nha Trang] (Annam [An Nam]), by tramway koronto ka socota Saigon [Saan Gòn] Govap, iyo wadada uumiga uumiga ee Govap ilaa Hocmon, iyo ka Govap [Go Vấp] ku Laythieu [Lai Thiêu] (Thudaumot [Thủ Dầu Một]). Gobolku sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay adeegyo badan oo gawaarida gawaarida ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, in gaadiidku biyo ku wareejinayo shirkadda “Messageries Fluviales” ee Cochin-China, inta u dhaxaysa Saigon [Saan Gòn], Cape St. Jacques iyo Beriyo [Baa Rịaa], wacaya at Xarago [Aniga] iyo Cangio [Cun Giờ].

QALBIGA

    Ma jiraan wax dano gaar ah leh oo laga xusi karo mowduucan. Waxaa jira dhowr taallo taariikhi ah oo la booqan doono: 1) Xusuustii Faransiiska ayaa laga dhisay Chi Hoa [Waa Hoa], xuska dagaalka magacaas. 2) Qabrigii taliye sare Lareniere ee ciidamada badda Faransiiska, oo ku dhagan meel u dhow Taningh [Taany Nin] waddo. 3) Qabrigii Bisilkii Adran, oo uu dhisay Amiirka Gia Long [Gia Long], sida marqaati mahadnaq ah oo daacad ah Monseigneur Pigneau de Bahaine. 4) Baastada iyo xabaasha Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt], oo loo yaqaan "the Great Eunuch", amiirkii Marshal iyo taliyihii hore ee Annamite ee Cochin-China (wajahaysa hoolka magaalada ee Giadinh [Gia Đšh]). 5) xabaashii Le Van Phong [Văn Phong], walaalkiis Le Van Duyet [Lê Văn Duyệt] (tuulada Tan Son Nhut [Tân Sơn Nhứt]). 6) Xabaasha Vo Tanh [Võ Tanh], sidoo kale Marshal ah Gia Long [Gia Long] (tuulada Phu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]). 7) Qabrigii Vo Di Nguy [Waa Di Nguy], saaxiibka gacmaha Gia Long [Gia Long] (tuulada Phu Nhuan [Phú Nhuận]).

VI. History

    Giadinh [Gia Đšh] waa magaca magacii ugu horreeyay ee reer Cancaam ay u gaarsiiyaan qayb ka mid ah waddanka uu wabiga maro Saigon [Saan Gòn] qulqulka. Goor dambe, amiirka Gia Long [Gia Long] si rasmi ah ayaa magacaas loogu siiyay guud ahaan dhulka u dhexeeya webiyada Saigon iyo Mekong, oo Saigon uu ahaa magaalada ugu weyn. Ku-xigeenkiisa, Minh Mang [Minh Ming], markii la abaabulayay Lower Cochin-China, waxay siisay isla magac isku mid ah gobolka kaas oo ay kujirto xadkeeda gobolada hada jira Taningh [Taany Nin], Cho Lon [Cho Lon], Gocong [Tag Cong], iyo qayb ka mid ah gobolka Tanaan [Taan An]. Gobolkani wuxuu sii waday magiciisa sanadihii ugu horeeyey ee qabsashadii Faransiiska, laakiin laga soo bilaabo 1871, waxaa ku dhacay isbadallo dhuleed oo kala duwan. Iyaga oo loo yareeyay cabirkooda haatan, gobolka waxaa si kale loogu magacaabey magaca magaalada ugu weyn: Kormeeraha Saigon [Saan Gòn], iyo degmada of Saigon [Saan Gòn]. Sanadkii 1874 ayaa madaxdii degmada loo wareejiyay Binh Hoa Xa [Binh Hoà Xá], tuulo ku taal bannaanka hore, dhinaca bidix ee webiga 'Avalanche' oo ay hadda tahay magaalada ugu caansan gobolka. Ugu dambeyntiina, illaa 1889, magacaabista degmo ayaa loo beddelay tan gobolka. Iyada oo aan taaban tafaasiisha hore ee gumaysiga Faransiiska, waxaa la dhihi karaa taariikhda gobolka Giadinh [Gia Đšh] wuxuu si aad ah ugu xidhan yahay taariikhda Cochin-China. Xaaladdaas waxaa lagu sharraxay xaaladdiisa juquraafi ahaaneed ee wejiga webiga Saigon [Saan Gòn].

BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019

FIIRO GAAR AH:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Rinjiraha, wuxuu ku dhashay xaafadda Valenciennes - oo ah gobolka ugu hooseeya waqooyiga Faransiiska. Soo koobid nolosha iyo shaqada:
+ 1905-1920: Ka shaqeynta gudaha Indochina oo mas'uul ka ahaa howsha Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Indochina;
+ 1910: Macalinka Dugsiga Far East School ee Faransiiska;
+ 1913: Barashada farshaxanka asaliga ah iyo daabicista dhowr maqaal oo cilmiyeed;
+ 1920: Wuxuu ku noqday Faransiiska wuxuuna soo abaabulay bandhigyo farshaxan ah magaalada Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - sawirro muuqaal ah oo ku saabsan Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, iyo sidoo kale xusuusno qaarkood oo ka yimid Bariga Fog;
+ 1922: Daabacaadda buugaagta Farshaxanka Qurxinta ee Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Waxay ku guuleysteen abaalmarin weyn Bandhiggii Gumeysiga ee Marseille, waxayna iskaashi la sameeyeen naqshadeeyaha Pavillon de l'Indochine si loo abuuro waxyaabo gudaha ah;
+ 1952: Waxay dhimataa da'da 68 waxayna ka tagtaa tiro badan oo sawirro iyo sawirro ah;
+ 2017: Aqoon isweydaarsiga rinjiyeynta ayaa si guul leh ku bilaabatay farcankiisa.

tixraacyada:
"Buug"LA COCHINHIN”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [HĐứng Đức] Daabacayaasha, Hanoi, 2018.
◊  wikipedia.org
Words Erayada Farta Farta Fiyatnaamiska ee sida muuqata loo beeniyay waxaa lagu dhejiyay gudaha calaamadaha oraahda - waxaa dejiyay Ban Tu Thu.

FADLAN BADAN:
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 1
◊  CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 2
◊  SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊  BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊  THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊  COCHINCHINA

(Booqday jeer 2,370, booqashooyinka 1 maanta)