Khariidadihii hore ee galbeedka Annam 1651 - Holylandvietnamstudies.com

Magacyada Vietnam

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Maqaalkani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay magacyada dalka Vietnam. Magacyada dadka reer Fiyatnaam, eeg Magaca Vietnamese.

Việt Nam waa kala duwanaansho ah nam Việt (Southern Việt), magac dib loogu celin karo Boqortooyada Triệu (Qarnigii 2aad ee BC, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanay Nanyue Kingdom).¹ Ereyga "Việt" wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo baxay qaab gaagaaban oo ah Bach Việt, eray loo isticmaali jiray dad ku noolaa dhulka hadda loo yaqaan koonfurta Shiinaha waqtiyadii hore. Erayga “Việt Nam“, Iyadoo dhawaaqyada loo kala horraysiiyey sida ay u kala horeeyaan, ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday qarnigii 16aad gabay uu qoray Nguyen Binh Khem. "Annam“, Oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda magac Shiine ah qarnigii toddobaad, wuxuu ahaa magaca guud ee dalka loo yaqaan xilligii gumeysiga. Qoraa wadani ah Phan Bội Châu soo nooleeyay magaca “Vietnam”Horaantii qarnigii 20aad. Markii la aasaasay dowladihii shuuciga ahaa iyo kuwii ka soo horjeedey hantiwadaagga ee la dhisay 1945, labaduba isla markiiba waxay u qaateen tan magaca rasmiga ah ee dalka. Ingiriisiga, labada shibbane ayaa inta badan la isugu daraa hal eray, "Vietnam. ” Si kastaba ha noqotee, “Ka taagnaayeen colaado sababay”Waxay ahayd adeegsiga beri hore walina waxaa isticmaala Qaramada Midoobay iyo dowlada Vietnam.

Taariikhda oo dhan, waxaa jiray magacyo badan oo loo adeegsaday tixraac Vietnam. Ka sokow magacyada rasmiga ah, waxaa jira magacyo si aan rasmi ahayn loo isticmaalo si loogu tixraaco dhulkii Vietnam. Vietnam waxaa loo yaqaan Văn Lang inta lagu jiro Hùng Vương Dawladnimo, U Lạc markuu boqor noqday, nam Việt inta lagu gudajiray Dawladdii Triệu, Vạn Xuân intii lagu guda jiray Dawladdii 'Anterior Lý' Ồi Cồ Việt Intii lagu jiray xilligii boqortooyadii 'Đinh' iyo hab-dhaqankii hore ee 'L'. Laga bilaabo 1054, Vietnam ayaa loo yeedhay Ệi Việt (Fiican Fiican).² Intii lagu jiray boqortooyadii Hồ, Fiyatnaam ayaa la wacay Ni Ngu.³

Asalka "Vietnam"

Ereyga "Việt"(Haa) (Shiine: 越; pinyin: Yuè; Yahoo Cantonese Yale: Yuht; Wade – Giles: Yüeh⁴; Fiyatnaamiis: Việt), Horraantii Shiine Dhexe ayaa markii ugu horreysay la qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo astaanta "“ "ee faaska (iswada), ee lafaha oracle iyo qoraallada naxaasta ah ee dabayaaqadii boqortooyadii Shang (c. 1200 BC), iyo hadhow sida "越".⁴ Waqtigaas waxay tixraacday dad ama amiir waqooyi-galbeed ee Shang.⁵ Horraantii qarnigii 8aad ee dhalashadii Ciise ka hor, qabiil ku yaal bartamaha Yangtze waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Yangyue, oo ah eray goor dambe loo adeegsaday dadyowga ku sii sii jeeday koonfurta.⁵ Inta u dhaxaysa qarnigii 7aad iyo 4aad BC Yue /Việt loo gudbiyey Gobolka Yue ee dooxada Yangtze ee hoose iyo dadkeeda.^4,5

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 3aad ee BC ereyga waxaa loo isticmaalay dadka aan Shiinaha ahayn ee koonfurta iyo koonfur-galbeed Shiinaha iyo waqooyiga Vietnam, oo leh gobollo gaar ah ama kooxo la yiraahdo Minyue, Ouyue, Luoyue (Fiyatnaamiis: Laakin Việt), iwm, si wada jir ah loogu yeero Bayyuu (- Bách Việt, Shiine: 百越; pinyin: Bǎiyuè; Yahoo Cantonese Yale: Baak Yuet; Fiyatnaamiis: Bach Việt; "Boqol Yuun / Fiyet"; ).^4,5 Ereyga Baiyue /Bach Việt ugu horreysay ee ka soo muuqday buugga Lüshi Chunqiu ururiyey agagaarka 239 B.⁶

In 207 BC, boqortooyadii hore ee Qin Zhao Tuo / Triệu Đà waxay aasaastay boqortooyada Nanyue /nam Việt (Shiine: Koonfurta Fiyatnaam; "Koonfurta Yue / Việt") magaalo madaxdeeda Panyu (casri ah Guangzhou). Boqortooyadani waxay ahayd "koonfurta" macnaha waxay ku taallay koonfurta boqortooyooyinka kale ee Baiyue sida Minyue iyo Ouyue, oo ku yaal Fujian iyo Zhejiang oo casri ah. Dhowr jeer oo dambe boqortooyooyinkii Fiyatnaamiis ayaa raacay magac-bixintan xitaa ka dib markii dadkan woqooyiga ka badani ay ku milmeen Shiinaha.

In "Sấm Trang Trình"(Waxsii sheegyada Trạng Trình), Abwaan Nguyen Binh Khem (1491-1585) wuxuu beddelay nidaamkii dhaqameed ee shibbannada wuxuuna u dhigay magaca qaabkiisa casriga ah: "Fiyatnaam ayaa la abuurayaa" (Việt Nam khởi tổ xây nền).⁷ Waqtigaan, dalka waxaa loo qeybiyay Tarahanh sayidyada Hanoi iyo Nguyễn sayidyada Huế. Isku darka dhowr magac oo jira, nam Việt, Annam (Koofurta fidsan), Ệi Việt (Weyn Việt), iyo "Taasi waa"(koonfurta koonfurta), Khiêm wuxuu abuuri karaa magac cusub oo tilmaamaya dowlad midaysan oo hami leh. Erayga “nam”Hadda macnaheedu maaha Koonfurta Việt, laakiin taa macnaheedu waa Vietnam waa "Koonfurta" marka loo eego Shiinaha, "Waqooyiga".⁸ Sharaxaani waxaa taabanaya Lý Thường Kiệt maansada "Nam quốc sơn hà" (1077): "Buuraha iyo webiyada koonfurta waxaa ka taliya boqorka koonfurta." Cilmibaare Nguyễn Phúc Giác Hải helay ereyga 越南 “Việt Nam”On 12 steles oo lagu xardhay qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad, oo ay ku jiraan mid ka mid ah Bảo Lâm Pagoda, Hải phòng (1558).⁸ Phúc Chu (1675-1725) wuxuu ereyga ugu adeegsaday gabay: “Buurtani waa buurta ugu halista badan ee Vietnam"(Việt Nam hiểm ải thử sơn điên).⁹ Waxaa loo adeegsaday magac rasmi ah Emperor Gia Long ee 1804-1813.¹⁰ Amiir Jiaqing wuu diiday Gia Longcodsigii ahaa in magaca wadankiisa loo badalo nam Việt, oo bedelay magaca halkii Việt Nam.¹¹ Gia Long's Đại Nam thực lục waxaa ku jira waraaqaha dibloomaasiyadeed ee magaca.¹²

“Trung Quốc” 中國 ama 'Waddanka Dhexe' waxaa loo isticmaalay magac ahaan Vietnam waxaa qoray Gia Long sanadkii 1805.¹¹ Minh Ming waxay u adeegsadeen magaca "Trung Quốc" 中國 inay ugu yeeraan Vietnam.¹³ Emperor Nguyen Vietnam Nguyen Emperor Minh M sinng wuxuu dambaabay qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay sida Kamboodiyaanka, wuxuu sheegtey dhaxalka Confucianism iyo China ee Han boqornimada Vietnam, wuxuuna adeegsaday erayga Han dadka 漢人 si uu ula jeedo Vietnamese.¹⁴ Minh Ming ku dhawaaqday "Waxaan rajaynaynaa in dhaqankooda barbariiska ah ay si miyir la'aan ah u baabi'i doonaan, oo ay maalin walba ku sii badanayaan cudurka Han [Sino-Vietnamese]."¹⁵ Nidaamyadan waxaa lagu jiheeyay qabaa'illada Khmer iyo buuraha.¹⁶ The Nguyen sayid Nguyễn Phúc Chu wuxuu ku sheegay Vietnamese inuu yahay "Han people" markay ahayd 1712 markii la kala saarayay Vietnamese iyo Chams.¹⁷ Dharka Shiinaha waxaa ku qasbay dadka Vietnamese ka yimid ee Nguyễn.^18,19,20,21

Adeegsiga “Vietnam”Waxaa dib u soo nooleeyay waqtiyadan casriga wadaniyiin ay ka mid yihiin Phan Bội Châu, oo Buuggiisa Việt Nam vong quốc sử (Taariikh Noloshihii Fiitnaam) waxaa la daabacay 1906. Chau sidoo kale wuxuu aasaasey Việt Nam Quang Pulinc Hội (Horudhac Soocelinta Vietnam) 1912. Hase yeeshe, dadweynihii guud ayaa sii waday adeegsiga Annam iyo magaca “Vietnam”Ayaa ahayd mid aan la garanaynin illaa iyo dilkii Yên Bái ee 1930, oo ay abaabuleen Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Xisbiga Wadaniga Fiyatnaam).²² Horraantii 1940-meeyadii, adeegsiga "Việt Nam”Wuxuu ahaa mid baahsan. Waxay ku soo baxday magaca Hồ Chi Minh's' Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng Minh Hội (Vietnam Minh), waxaa la aasaasay 1941, waxaana xitaa adeegsaday barasaabkii Faransiiska Indochina sanadkii 1942.²³ Magaca “Vietnam”Ayaa rasmi ahayd ilaa 1945. Waxaa la qaatay bishii Juun ee Bao Daidowladdii boqortooyada ee Huế, iyo bishii Sebtember ee dowladdii hantiwadaagga ee Ho ee Hanoi.²⁴

magacyada kale

Xiis Quỷ (鬼) 2879-2524 BC
Văn Lang (郎 / Orange) 2524-258 BC
Ạu Lạc (雒 / Canaaq) 257-179 BC
Nam ViệtKoonfurta Fiyatnaam) 204-111 BC
Giao Chỉ交趾 / 阯) 111 BC - 40 AD
Luul Nam 40–43
Giao Chỉ 43-299
Giao Châu 299-544
Vạn Xuân (萬春) 544-602
Giao Châu 602-679
Waa Nam (安南) 679-757
Trấn Nam 757-766
Waa Nam 766–866
Ĩnĩ Hải (靜海) 866-967
Ồi Cồ Việt (瞿越) 968-1054
Ệi Việt (越) 1054-1400
Ni Ngu (虞) 1400-1407
Nami Nam (南)²⁵ 1407-1427
Ệi Việt 1428-1804
Ố quốc Việt Nam (Boqortooyada Vietnam) 1804-1839
Nami Nam 1839–1845
Indochina (Tonkin, An Nam, Cochinchina) 1887-1954
Nolosha Nolosha Ku Saabsan (Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Vietnam) 1945 - 1975
Nolosha Nolosha (Jamhuuriyadda Vietnam) 1954 - 1975
Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam 1954 - 1974 (Dowladdii Kumeelgaarka ahayd ee Jamhuuriyadda Koonfurta Vietnam)
Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ ngh gira Việt Nam (Jamhuuriyadda hantiwadaagga ee Vietnam) 1975 - Maya maya

Magacyo ku qoran luqado kale

Ingiriisiga, higgaadda Vietnam, Vietnam-Nam, iyo Vietnam Nam dhammaantood waa la istcimaalay. Daabacaaddii 1954-kii Qaamuuska New Collegiate ee Webster siiyey labadaba foomamka aan duubnayn iyo kuwa daadihinaya; iyadoo laga jawaabayo warqad ka timid akhristaha, tafatirayaasha waxay tilmaameen foomka fidsan Ka taagnaayeen colaado sababay sidoo kale waa la aqbali karaa, in kasta oo ay sheegeen in maadaama oo Anglophones aysan garanayn macnaha labada erey ee ka kooban magaca Vietnam, "layaab ma leh" in ay jirto u janjeeridda booska.²⁶ Sannadkii 1966, dowladda Mareykanka waxaa lagu yaqaanay inay adeegsato dhammaan seddexda wax soo saar, iyadoo Wasaaradda arrimaha dibedda ay doorbideyso nooca la soo saaray.²⁷ Markay ahayd 1981, foomka loo yaqaan 'hypenedated form' waxaa loo tixgeliyey inuu ahaa "taariikh", sida uu sheegayo qoraa reer Scotland ah Gilbert Adair.²⁸

Magaca casriga ah ee Shiinaha ee Vietnam (Chinese: Vietnam; pinyin: Yuènán) waxaa loo tarjumi karaa "Beyond Koonfurta", taasoo horseed u ah isir ahaanta bulshada in magaca uu tixraac u yahay meesha uu dalku ku yaal oo ka baxsan soohdimaha koonfureed ee Shiinaha. Aragti kale ayaa sharraxaysa in qarankan loogu magac daray si loo xoojiyo kala qaybsanaanta kuwa ku nagaaday Shiinaha si ka duwan dadka ku nool Vietnam.²⁹

Labada Jabaan iyo Kuuriya ayaa horey ugu gudbiyay Vietnam magacyadooda Sino-Xenic iyagoo ku dhawaaqaya jilayaasha Shiinaha magacyadooda, laakiin markii dambe waxay u wareegeen iyagoo adeegsanaya qoraallo codad toos ah. Jabbaan, markay raacayso madaxbanaanida Vietnam magacyada Annan (安南) iyo Etsunan (Vietnam) badiyaa waxaa lagu badalay maqalka codadka Betonamu (トナム), ku qoran qoraalka katakana; si kastaba ha noqotee, qaabkii hore ayaa wali lagu arkaa ereyo isku jira (eg 越, “Booqasho Vietnam”).³⁰^{, 31} Wasaaradda Arimaha Dibadda ee Japan mararka qaar waxay adeegsan jirtay higgaadin kale Vietnamonamu (ィエトナム).³¹ Sidoo kale, luqadda Kuuriya, iyadoo la jaanqaadaysa isbeddelka isticmaalka hanja, magaca Sino-Korea-ka laga soo dheegtay Wollam (월남, akhriska Kuuriyaanka ee Vietnam) lagu beddelay Beteunam (베트남) Koonfurta Kuuriya iyo Wennam (윁남) Waqooyiga Kuuriya.^32,³³