CHỮ NÔM ama Qoraalkii hore ee Fiyatnaamiis iyo Kaalintiisii ​​Hore ee Suugaanta Vietnamese - Qeybta 4

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Nguyễn Khắc Kham

Continued lasii wado qeybta 3:

Taariikhda suugaanta Vietnamese ee Nôm^**

    Ixtiraam kale, laga bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad ilaa badhtamihii qarnigii labaatanaad, waxay ku ciyaartey door wax ku ool ah muujinta iyo gudbinta suugaanta Vietnamese.

    Taariikhda suugaanta Fiyatnaamiis ee nôm oo qarisay ku dhawaad ​​toddobo qarni ayaa loo qeybin karaa muddooyinka waaweyn ee soo socda:

1) TranHo muddo (saddex iyo tobnaad iyo afar iyo tobnaad). 
2) Lê-Mac muddo (qarniyadii shan iyo tobnaad iyo lix iyo tobnaad). 
3) La soco hưng ama mudada halganka Waqooyi-Koonfur (qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad). 
4) NguyEn muddo (qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad iyo nuska koowaad ee qarnigii labaatanaad).

1) Muddada Trần-Hồ

 Sida laga soo xigtay Kham-đaadnh ViEtsu th -ng-giám Cương-mục 定 越 史 通 鑑 綱 目, Qoraagii ugu horreeyay ayaa chữ nôm u adeegsaday gabayo ahaan NguyEn Thuyuên 詮 or Haan Thuyên 詮 iyo kuwa kale ayaa la sheegay inay raaceen tusaalaha. Kuwaas oo kala ahaa NguyEn S C Co 阮 士 固, Iyo Chu An 安. Dambe iyo NguyEn Thuyuên ayaa la sheegay inay ahaayeen siday u kala horreeyaan qorayaasha Quoc ngu iyo tap 語 詩 集 (Chu An, Qoraa) iyo Fi sa tap 披 沙 集.

   Nasiib darrose, labadan uruurineed ee Nm Aayaadka ayaa laga badiyay. Sida laga soo xigtay Bùi Huy Bich 裴 輝 璧 (1744-1818), Trê Cóc 𤥫 ama Sheekada ku dhex taal aayadaha Kalluun Badeedka iyo Toad sidoo kale taariikhdeedu Tran, laakiin taariikhda saxda ah ee sheekadan satirical ee lục-ibat mitir, ilaa iyo hadda lama go'aamin.³³ Intaa waxaa dheer, Trinh Thu 鼠ama jiirka suubanaha ah gabay sheeko xariir ah, Sheekada ku dhex taal aayadaha Vương Tughng 嬙 傳, iyo lix qoraal oo kale oo ku saabsan nôm la xiriira sheekada NguyEn BiEu 表 傳 ayaa sidoo kale loo malaynayaa inay taariikhaysan dhamaadka Tran. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa jiray khilaaf aad u badan oo ku saabsan taariikhdooda dhabta ah.³³

    Ku saabsan qoraallada Nm hoos Hawaad Tran iyo Ho  waxaa sidoo kale la soo sheegay in 1387 ee boqornimadii King Tran ÐE nghiEn 晛, Boqorka Aabihiis Tran NghE Toon 陳 藝 宗, isagoo siiyay Ho Waa Ly 胡 季 釐 ka dibna Iyo Quí Ly 季 釐, seefta oo xardhan Văn vũ toàn tài quân thần đồng đức 季 釐 (Aqoonyahan iyo dagaalyahan labadaba, maado wanaagsan oo u adeegta Boqorka wanaagsan)³⁴, Waa Ly Aayado ka koobneyd luqadaha afka si ay u muujiyaan mahadnaqdiisa. Xilli dambe, sanadkii 1437, markii uu ahaa Boqorka Taa To oo ka mid ah Pear Dawladdu waxay rabtay inay akhrido tusaalooyinka tusmada iyo aayadaha ku qoran Ho Waa Ly, NguyEn Trãi, ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu ku guuleystey aruurinta iyo u bandhigida isaga tobannaan qoraalladaas ah.³⁵

2) Lê-Mạc muddo

    Isku mid NguyEn Trãi ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay inuu uga tagay qoraallada qaar Nm, sida uc trai iyo tap, gabay la hagaajiyay oo ka hadlaya luqadda afka hooyo ee looga hadlay Thaad Lo, gabadh iibiya sariirta jiifka oo markii dambe u noqotay naagtiisii ​​addoonta ahayd³⁶ iyo didactic gabay gudaha Nm, Gia huan ca ama tilmaamaha qoyska. Waxa loogu magac daray gabay la hagaajiyay Thaad Lo waa mid dhab ah shaki ku jiro. Sida Gia huan ca, gabaygan 796-ka khad waxaa laga yaabaa inuu gadaal ka diyaariyey hal ama dhowr qoraa oo isku xiga. Qoraalka kaliya ee ku qoran nmm by NguyEn Trãi waxaa la heli karaa waqtigaan la joogo Aruurinta Gabayada ee Luqadda Qaranka (Quoc âm iyo tap ) kaas oo sameeya cutubka toddobaad ee uc raad di tap.

    Haddii bilowga ah Pear guri ammaan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay waxyaabo kale oo muhiim ah Nm shaqo suugaanta ka badan ururintan ee gabayada by NguyEn Trãi iyo laba ThE ngôn by Lê Loi dhawaan la ii iftiimiyay Hoàng Xuân Han, boqornimadii Boqorka Lê Thanh Tôn (1460-1497) goobjoog u ahaa horumar aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan suugaanta Fiyatnaamiis ee luqadda afka hooyo.

   King Lê Thanh Tôn oo hibo siiyay machadyada dhif ee curinta gabayada oo aad u jeclaa suumanka-dhegaha, aasaasay goob goobeed suugaaneed oo loo yaqaan Hoiyo Tao iyadoo 28 xubnood oo ka tirsan maxkamadda loo yeedhay Nhaad thap kala tú ama 28 Shirkii iyo isaga laftiis gudoomiye, iyo gudoomiye ku xigeen, Than Nhan Trung iyo Ðo Nhuan. Tan gudaheeda Hoiyo Tao, Isaga iyo asxaabtiisu waxay is weydaarsadeen gabayo nmm kuwaas oo markii dambe la soo uruuriyay si ay u sameeyaan Guri-gabayada gabayada Vietnamese ee xilligii boqornimada Hong Ðuc ie boqornimadii Lê Thanh Tôn.³⁸

    Tan ka sokow Hong Ðuc quoc âm iyo tap, ku xusan waa in laga sameeyaa qoraallada noocan oo kale ah nmm sida Hong Qu quoc ngu iyo tap, by Lương Nhu Hoc, Kim Lăng Ku by Ðo Can . Qarnigii dambe, ee hoos yimaada Mac, Suugaanta Vietnamese Nm muujiyey asal aad u badan oo ku saabsan Ururinta caanka ah ee Gabayada NguyEn Bwaxaannh Khiim (1492-1587) loo yaqaan Bach vnn iyo tap, Bach Van (Daruuro Caddaan ah) oo caan ku ah suugaanta gabyaaga. Qoraallada nmm ee hoos yimaadda Mac, waa inaan sidoo kale xusno Ðaaqoonsiowax cnganh ku, Tam Ngung đong waa, Iyo Taadch cư sagaalaadE by NguyEn Hang; Su Bac quoc ngu iyo tap, Su trhinh Khúc, Tu thoiyo Khuc, TiEadiga đoclac fuu by Hoàng Sican Khai iyo, ugu dambeyntii, Ngư phu nhap Ðào nguyên truyEn , by Phùng Khac Khiyaan.³⁹

3) Aad baan u jeclahay

    Ama muddadii Dhibaatooyinka Waqooyiga Koofurta laga soo bilaabo geeridii Lê Thanh Tôn in 1497, Ðaiyo ViEt ama ka dib Fiyatnaamiis waxaa sii galay dhibaatooyin bulsho iyo xaalad deganaansho la’aan siyaasadeed oo joogto ah taas oo keentay kicinta MaDigir Ðăng (1527). Kadib qarnigii yaraa ee noolaa Mac, dagaal ayaa qarxay 1627 intii u dhaxeysay Traadnh Waqooyiga iyo NguyEn Koonfurta, oo labaduba sheeganaya inay yihiin kuwa raacsan Pear. Wuxuu ku dhammaaday kaliya 1672 markii la isticmaalay heshiiska Webiga of Linh (Linh giang) sida khadka tooska ah ee u dhexeeya labada dhulal. Laakiin sanadkii 1775, ka faa’ideysiga Taa Sơn, kacdoonka koonfurta, the Traadnh soo weeraray oo qaatay Phú Xuân, caasimada ah NguyEn Koonfurta.

    Si kastaba ha noqotee, labadaba Traadnh iyo NguyEn ugu dambeyntiina waa la afgembiyey Taa Sơn mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha NguyEn HuE wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay Emperor dhamaadkii 1787. In kasta oo guushii taariikhiga ahayd ee Emperor Quang Trung In ka badan Shiinaha markay ahayd 1789 iyo guulo badan oo cajaa'ib leh, the Taa Sơn nidaamku wuxuu ahaa mid gaagaaban oo dhamaaday 1802 markii NguyEn anh ku dhawaaqay naftiisa Emperor Gia Long oo ka mid ah NguyEn kadib markii uu qabsaday Emperor Canh Thaadnh oo ka mid ah Taa Sơn iyo walaalihiis.

    Asalka bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee mudadan dheer ee daboolaya qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeeshay horumarka suugaanta Vietnamese ee Nm. Inta badan qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen hoggaamiyeyaal ciidan ama saraakiil Maxkamadeed oo inta badan ku lug lahaa dhacdooyinka xilliyadooda. Dhammaantood waxay ku qoreen xarfaha Shiinaha. Si kastaba ha noqotee waxay doorteen inay sidoo kale wax ku qoraan 'n' taas oo u sahashay inay si ballaadhan ugu faafiyaan go'aannadooda siyaasadeed ee shakhsiyadeed ee ka fog wareega aqoon-dhaqameedka iyo, isla mar ahaantaana, si ay u ballaariyaan doorka ay ku leeyihiin dalka. Ka sokow noocan oo kale Shiinaha ayaa soo amaahatay noocyada suugaanta sida Thawaan ogahay ama todobo garaacis mitir mitir, the Phú ama prosepoetry, the Kinh Nghléa ama sharaxaada Noocyada Shiinaha,, Waa la soo dhaafay ama nusqaanta oo sii wadday wanaag, sheekooyin dhaadheer oo ku dhex jira warshadaha iyo lix ama sideed mitir iyo Heesta thatlục ift ama 7-7-6-8 mitir taas oo ka dhigtay hamigooda ku dhawaad ​​dhammaadkii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, ayaa dib u dhigay ruuxa cusub ee hal abuurka ah ee qorayaasha Vietnamese ee ku yaal dalka Mareykanka. Kuwa soo socdaa waa shaqooyinka ugu badan ee wakiillada ah ee suugaanta Fiyatnaamiishanka labadan qarni gudahood waqooyiga Vietnam, Koonfurta Vietnam iyo wixii ka hooseeya Taa Sơn.

1. a) Aynu sheegno, sida qoraalada ugu waaweyn Waqooyiga Vietnam ee hoos yimaada Trisnh: Giii canh huwaa run, Naa ba hac fuu by NguyEn Bá Lan, Chin phụ ngam loo tarjumay Nm by Oàn thaad .IEm, Cung oán Ngâm Khúc by NguyEn Gia ThiEu, Hoa Tiên TruyEn by NguyEn Huy Tu, Tu thaanh Vãn ama laba gabay oo gaaban by NguyEn thaad Ngamac Vinh, naag addoon ah oo Rabbiga Traadnh donh, Lý TriEadiga ÐE haddaba waan hauco lụcan wandach quoc ngu diEn ca by Trương Ngamac Khalad, Gabadh sharaf leh oo wakhtiga Rabbiga ah Traadnh Cương, Ngu đE Sidaad u aragtid Bách vaadnh iyo tap by Sayidow Traadnh Cun, KiEn Nguyên iyo tap Eebbe Traadnh Doanh, T'm thanh tondụytap Eebbe Traadnh Sâm.40)
2. b) Waxaa ka mid ah qoraalada ugu waaweyn koonfurta Vietnam ee hoos yimaadda NguyEn, xuska waa in laga sameeyaa Waa run TruyEn by amiir .Án (1699-1753) wiilka siddeedaad ee King HiEn Tôn NguyEn Phước Ku, Ngoa Dheer cương waa iyo Tư Digo vãn by Duào Duy Tu, Saai Vai, qoraal satirical by NguyEn Cư Trinh, Hees tinh batda TruyEn by NguyEn Huu Haa.

4) Qoraallada ugu waaweyn ee buugga hoostiisa Taa Sơn

    Ka sokow sababaha noocan oo kale ah oo hore loo soo bandhigey kuwaas oo xisaabinaya horumarka weyn ee Suugaanta Nôm dhamaadka qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, aynu sidoo kale sheegno nimcooyinka gaarka ah ee lagu hayey chu Nm hoos Taa Sơn iyo gaar ahaan xilligii xukunka gaaban ee Emperor Quang Trung. Waa kuwaan qaar ka mid ah qoraalada nôm oo qorayaashoodu ay taageereen ama ka soo horjeedaan nidaamkan: Hoai Nam Khúc by Waa hagaag, Tụng Tay ho hodan by NguyEn Huy L.ượng, Ma tư xitaa by Princess istaahil Ngamac Hnn, xaaskiisa NguyEn HuE, Dụ waxaan ahay tap iyo Dụ waxaan ahay tap by Phan Huy .ch, oo waliba ka tagay a Nm turjumaadda Shiinaha ku qoran Chin phụ Nasiib by Ðang Tran Côn, Nasiib an iyo tap iyo Waa taas by NguyEn Huwaad Chwaxaannh, chiEntụng Tay ho hodan iyo sheekada ku taal nmm Sơ Kinh Tân Trang by Pham Thai.⁴¹ Kuwaas ka sokow Nm qoraallada qarnigii toddobaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad, waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaanu xusno gaar ah oo ah Thiên Nam minh giám, gabay taariikh dheer oo qarsoodi ah oo u dhexeeya 7-7-6-8 mitir kaas oo sida uu sheegayo Prof. Phawaan ogahay laga yaabaa inuu ka koobnaa intii u dhaxaysay 1623 ilaa 1657⁴² iyo Thiên Nam Ngu lục, gabay kale oo taariikhi ah oo aan lagaranaynin kaas oo laga yaabo in la qoro inta u dhaxaysa 1787 iyo 1800 sida waafaqsan NguyEn Markay To ama inta u dhaxaysa 1682 iyo 1709 sida ku xusan Hoàng Xuân Han.⁴³

    Suugaanta Vietnamese in Nm ka hooseeya Nguyễn (1802-1862). Muddadan oo daboolayay lixdan sano ayaa si sax ah loo arkaa inay tahay da'da dahabiga ah ee suugaanta Vietnamese Nm. Tani waa mid si weyn u soo korortay Nm shaqooyinka suugaaneedku ma ahayn dhammaantood wixii ka dambeeyay siyaasaddii dhaqameed ee NguyEn kuwaas oo marka laga reebo Emperors Gia Long iyo Tu Ðuc aayaduna ma ka kooban ee Nm sida Sayidka Traadnh mana ku boorin maadooyinkooda inay qoraan Nm. Waxay ahayd, ilaa xad, labadaba dhaxal ahaan iyo nooc ka mid ah dooggii suugaanta nmm qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. Si kale marka loo eego, waxay awood u leedahay inay u malayso akhristayaasha Nm gaar ahaan on Nm Qisooyinka aayadaha waa inay ahaadaan kuwo sii kordha oo ku saabsan kororka Vietnam. Si kasta ha noqotee, xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in inta badan buugaagta sayniska ah ee nmm suugaanta si sax ah taariikhda looga bilaabay NguyEn guri ammaan. Meel banaan awgeed, waxaan kaliya oo aan ku xusi doonnaa dhowr buug oo magacyo iyo magacyo qorayaal ah annaga oo aan iska dhigin in aan siino liis dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan soo-saarkii qoraallada ee nôm oo la soo saaray qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Marka horeba, waa in meel sharaf leh loo qoondeeyo gabayga Qaranka ee Kim Vân KiEu a 3254 lpc ibat line abwaan by abwaan caan ah NguyEn Du (1765-1820), kuwaas oo dhowr luqadood oo afafka qalaad ah lagu heli karo. Waxaa ku xiga qoraalada noocan oo kale ah labadaba nm prosa iyo aayadaha sida Xun Hương iyo tap Waxaa qoray Poetess Ho Xun Hương (horaantii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad), Nhaad thaptu hiEwaad diEn aan, Phụ waa tiEn lãm, Su ka fiirsoEn lãm Khuc by Deeqda waxbarasho ee Phuc (1785-1840), Mai đình mong Kı by NguyEn Huy Ho (1783-1841), Kim Thach Kỳ Duyên by Buux Huu Nghcm (1807-1872), Lục vân Tiên, Dương Tu Haah M.au, Ngư TiEbirtaawaad mahadsan tahayat by NguyEn Ðình ChiEu (1822-1888) Thaan chE Thap iyoEwaad diEn ca, Thaan chE Luan ngu thích ngháa ca Thánh chE tu hamac giai ngháa ca by Tu Ðuc (1829-1883), gabayo siyaasadeed oo la dhiiri geliyey by Tanu Thama Tughng iyo Phan Văn Traad , Chinh Khí Ca by NguyEwaa Giai , Ðaiyo Nam Quocsu diEn Ca by Lê Ngô Cát iyo Pham Ðình Toái , Hanh Thục Ca by NguyEn Nhượcaad (1830-1909), gabayo iyo heeso la yiraahdo Koofi Noi by NguyEn Công Tru (1778-1858), Cao Bá Quát (? -1854) iyo NguyEn Qui Tân (1811-1858), gabayo kala duwan by NguyEn KhuyEn (1835-1909), Tran TE Xương (1870-1907) iwm.

    Ugu dambeyntii, xusid gaar ah waa in laga sameeyaa sheekooyinka noocan oo kale ah ee gudaha ah nm aayadaha sida Nhaad đo May, Tong Tran, Thach Sanh, Nu Tuu Taa, Phương Waa, Lý Công, Hoan Truu, Biyo Câu, Phan Tran, Quan Âm Thaad Kinh, HaaaEaad tranh năng, iwm… kale Nm sheekooyin iyo Nm qoraallada ayaa sii waday in lagu soo saaro inta badan dhulka hoostiisa xitaa wixii ka dambeeyay 1862 ilaa ugu yaraan afar iyo tobankii iyo in kasta oo si rasmi ah loo ansaxiyay Quoc Ngu qoraal.⁴⁴ Dhammaan Nm Shaqooyinka suugaanta ee aan kor ku soo xusnay ayaa si isku mid ah ama qayb ahaan loogu duubay qoraalka romanized. Si kastaba ha noqotee, taasi maahan kiiska tiro badan oo dad badan Nm Qoraallada hadda lagu keydiyey Fiyatnaamiis iyo maktabadaha ajnabiga ah qaarkood.⁴⁵ Had iyo jeer waxay sugayaan in qoraal lagu soo geliyo Quoc Ngu in laga sameeyo khabiiro. Ixtiraam kale, Nm Qoraallada horay loo duubay ayaan ka madax bannaanayn khaladaadka buugga. Xaaladahan, dhaleecaynta qoraalka waa lama huraan waxaana suurtagal noqon kara oo keliya ururinta dhammaan noocyada la heli karo labadaba Nm iyo Quoc Ngu. Sida saxda ah ee ay u arkeen Dương Quaee Ham "taariikh run ah oo suugaanta Vietnamese ah ayaa runtii la fulin karaa oo keliya markii dukumiintiyada oo dhan ee nmm laga dhigo oo loo qoro Quốc Ngữ. "⁴⁶ Laakiin, dhammaan Nm Qoraallada gaar ahaan kuwa u baahan qoritaanka gudaha Quoc Ngu kuma eka keliya suugaanta oo waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo muhiim ah Nm dukumiintiyo la xiriira taariikhda Vietnamese iyo taariikhda Vietnamese. Saamayn ahaan, Chu Nm looma adeegsan qorayaasha Vietnamese kaliya suugaanta laakiin sidoo kale dadka kale ayey u adeegsadeen waayo, ujeedooyin kaladuwan sidii hore ilaa qarnigii toddobaatanaad. Tusaale ahaan halkan waxaa ku yaal warqad Nm looga hadlay sanadkii 1670 Sayidkii NguyEn Phước Tran waxaa qoray Jabaan Kadoya Shichirobei sidoo kale wuxuu ku yaqiinay magaciisa Vietnamese sida Cha Chanh (Aabe Chánh): (:).

    Waxaa ku xusan qoraalkiisa Quoc Ngu "Mung muôn tuoaniga. Có moma tôi o đat Annam nghe rang đã cem tôi ông, mung lam. Dawaxaad leedahay lE thowaxaan ahay cay adeegsng (ama tông) ơn Ông muôn tuoi"Afka Ingiriisiga: Waxaan kuu rajeynayaa toban kun oo sano oo nolosha ah. Waxaan maqlay in mid ka mid ah walaalahay iga yari yahay (ie Shichirojiro ] ee ku nool Annam wuxuu ka mid noqday maadooyinkaaga. Waxaan dareemayaa farxad badan. Waxaan kula talin karaa inuu kuu rogo wanaaggaaga xaalad kasta oo jirta. Waxaan kuu rajeynayaa toban kun oo sano oo nolosha ah].⁴⁷

    Had iyo jeer ku saabsan qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, aynu ku xusno dhawr qoraal gacmeedyo ah oo ku yaal nm Aabaha Katooliga Talyaaniga J. Maiorica (1591-1651) waxaa helay Prof. Hoàng Xuân Han Maktabadda Qaranka Faransiiska (Bibliothèque Nationale) ee Paris. Magacyada qoraalladaas qoraallada ah ee uu qoray isaga ayaa u qornaa sidan soo socota. 1) Thiên-Chúa Thánh-giáo Howaaoiyo Kinh. 2) Thiên-Chúa Thánh-giáo Khai-méng. 3) Ðuc Chúa Chi-thu. 4) TruyEn Ðuc Chúa Chit-thu. 5) Thiên-Chúa Thanh-Mau. 6) Các Thanh runEn. 7) Vita sanctorum (Cinwaan kumalaha nm). 8) Thng Thánh I-na-xu. 9) Thng Thánh Phan-chi-cô Xa-vi-ê truyEn. 10) Nagam lE deeq waxbarasho Phục-sinh đEn tang bay. 11) Nhung waaEaad baad u mahadsantahayE tramang. 12) Kinh nhung lE ku saabsan Phục dembi.⁴⁸ Sida la arki karo, Chu Nm kuwaas oo si aad iyo aad ah ugu tabarucay suugaanta Vietnamese ee la soo dhaafay, waxay ahaan doontaa aalad lama huraan ah oo cilmi baaris ah oo aan loogu sameyn doonin ardayda suugaanti hore ee Vietnam laakiin sidoo kale cilmi baaris ku saabsan taariikhda Vietnamese iyo dhaqanka Vietnamese.

FADLAN BADAN:
◊  CHỮ NÔM ama Qoraalkii hore ee Fiyatnaamiis iyo Kaalintiisii ​​Hore ee Suugaanta Vietnamese - Qeybta 2.
◊  CHỮ NÔM ama Qoraalkii hore ee Fiyatnaamiis iyo Kaalintiisii ​​Hore ee Suugaanta Vietnamese - Qeybta 1.
◊  CHỮ NÔM ama Qoraalkii hore ee Fiyatnaamiis iyo Kaalintiisii ​​Hore ee Suugaanta Vietnamese - Qeybta 3.

FAALADA: 
²⁹  Faahfaahin dheeri ah oo ku saabsan qaabka Chu nm, arag: 宥: 論 字 喃 之 組織 及其 與 漢字 關 涉 涉 (14, 1933 pp. 201-242), 學報, Marka hore 14 期, 1933, tr.201-242 - 本 達郎: 宥 氏, 字 喃 之 組織 1949. 學報, Marka hore12 第 2 tirada, 1935 Year - 荆 和: 喃 之 形態 及其 產生 年代 [Haynh thái và niên đại xuất hiện của chữ Nôm], 科學 論叢, 輯, 台北, 1949 Year. Baa Cim, Dẫn Nhập Nghiên Cứu Chữ Nôm (Agab waxbarid oo loogu tala galay ardayda wax ka dhigta kuliyadaha waraaqaha, jaamacada Saigon). Sidoo kale eeg:  宥: 田健 次, 喃 研究 一聲 母 (1) 喃 研究 一聲 母 (2), 1973, 12 學 論叢 卷 (72, 12) (教 大 言語 學 研究 會), (1), (2), 1973, 12 (72, 12) (). 
³⁰  Ding Quảng Haam, Le Chữ nôm ou écritude démotique iwm… pp 283-284a. 
³¹ Edouard Diguet,De la Langue Annamite Parlée iyo Ecrite”, Revue Indochinoise, Aout, 1905, 226-32. 
³²  Bửu Cầm,-U-điểm và Khuyết-điểm của Chữ Nôm"(Qodobbada adag iyo dhibco daciif ah ee Chữ Nôm) Việt Nam Khảo Cổ tập san, Saigon 1960, no 1, pp 50-64. Maurice Durand, Comptes rendus, BEFEO, tome L, fasc, no 2, 1962, bogga 561. 
³³  Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Nghiêm Toản, Waa maxay magaca koowaad Nam (Từ đời Trần ốn cuối đời Mạc), Các lớp Trung Học. Loại Sách Học Sông N shaqo, Hà-Nội 1951. pp 19-45. Hoàng Xuân Hãn,Nguyễn Biểu, một gương ngh bàa liệt và mấy bài thơ cuối đời Trần", Khai Trí Tiến Ðức Tập San, 2.3, Hanoi 1941. Lãng-Hồ,"Si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah. Truyện Trê Cóc và Truyện Trinh-Thử”, Văn Hóa Nguyệt San, Saigon Tập XII, Quyển 11 (11-1963), pp 1690-1700. Lãng-Hồ,Marka la eego sida loo kala soocayo, Truyện Vương Tường”, Văn Hóa Nguyệt San, Saigon Tập XII, Quyển 12 (12-1963), pp 1893-1898. Lãng-Hồ,Văn phẩm với Thời Ðại của Văn phẩm, Những Bài thơ văn của Nguyễn Biểu, của vua Trần Trùng Quang và của một vyo sư Chùa Yên-Quốc”, Văn Hóa Nguyệt San, Saigon Tập XIII, Quyển 1 (1-1964), p. 63-70. 
³⁴  Cf. Shu-King, 經: 中, 6: “ 有 億 兆 夷 民 離心 離 德 予 予 有 臣 臣 十 雖有 仁人 仁人 仁人”: Kinh-Thư, Fiyatnaam Fiyatnaamiis waxaa soo saaray Prof. Thẩm Quỳnh, Saigon 1968, bogga 206. 
³⁵  Ding Quảng Haam, Việt Nam Văn Hóc Sử Yếu, bogga 107. 
³⁶  Cf. Nguyễn Khắc-Kham,Magacyada Vietnamese iyo magacyadooda”, Daraasaadka Aagga iyo Dhaqanka, Maya 23 Jaamacada Tokyo ee Daraasaadka Dibadda 1973, bogga 205, lambarka tilmaamaha-cagta 23. 
³⁷  Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Nghiêm Toản, op. tixraaca bogga 49-69. Trần Văn Giáp, Phạm Tr ojúg Ðiềm: Nguyễn Trãi, Taasi waa Tập (Hanoi, 1956), Văn-Ðàn Tạp chí, Số Ðặc biệt về Nguyễn Trãi, Bộ IV, số 10 (3/1-9/1, 1963). Dood-cilmiyeed ku saabsan Nguyễn Trãi iyo howlihiisa, iyadoo ay ka qaybgalayaashu ka mid ahaayeen ka qaybgalayaasha Phạm Ðình Tân, Thái Bằng, Vũ Hạnh, Phạm Ðình Khiêm, Nguyễn Khắc-Kham iyo Nguyễn Trntag Huy, jiilka 16aad ee ka soo jeeda Nguyễn Trãi. 
³⁸ Dương Quảng Hàm, op. xigasho p. 98, 99, 280. Nguyễn Ðình Hoà Dib u Eegista Buugga: Hordhac à la litteheet Vietnamnamienne waxaa qoray Maurice M. Durand iyo Nguyễn Trần Huân, Journal of American Oriental Society. Xajmiga 92, Number 2, Abril-Juun 1972 pp 364-368. 
³⁹  Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Nghiêm Toản op. daliil. p. 101-121. 
⁴⁰ Dương Quảng Hàm op. xigasho, p. 302-306. Nguyễn Văn Tố,Poésies inédites de l'époque des Lê", Bulletin de la Société d'Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin, Tome XIV, no 1, Janvier-Mars 1934, p. 30-36, Tome XIV, no 2, Avril-Juin 1934, pp. 182-190, Tome XIV, No 3, Juillet-Sept. 1934, pp. 460-463. 
⁴¹  Sơn-Tùng, Hoàng Thúc Tram, Xaaladdan oo kale, Sách Hiểu Biết, Vĩnh Bảo Saigon, 1950, 123 bog. 
⁴²  Phạm Văn Diêu,Thiên Nam Minh Giám”, Văn Hoá Nguyệt San, Saigon Loại mới tập XII, Quyển 1, số 77 tháng 1-1963, p. 49-68. 
⁴³  Phạm Văn Diêu,Tix Nam Nam Ngữ Lục”, VNVHNS Loại mới tập XII, Quyển 3, số 79, tháng 3, 1963, p. 351-368, Quyển 4 số 80, th 4, 1963, pp 535-550, số 81, th 5, 1963 pp. 689-698, số 82, tháng 6, 1963, pp. 835-847. 
⁴⁴  - Hạo-Nhiên, Nghiêm Toản, Việt Nam Văn-Hóc Sử Trích yếu, II, Vĩnh Bảo, Saigon, 1949 pp 7-70. Thanh Lãng, Khởi Thảo Văn-Hóc Sử Việt Nam, Văn chương Chữ Nôm (Magaca Giáo Sư Nguyễn Ðăng Thuc), Saigon 1953, p. 47-212, Phạm Thế Ngũ, Việt Nam Văn Hóc Sử Giản ước Tân Biên, Mugga 2, Quốc Höc Tùng Warqado, Saigon 1963. 
NB oo ku saabsan magacyada dhabta ah ee Hồ Xuân Hương iyo Bà Huyện Thanh Quan ayaa loo malaynayaa in magac ahaan loogu yeeri jiray Ho thaad May iyo NguyEn thaad hinh, arag Horudhaca ah ee la qabadsiiyo Vietnamnamienne (Ururinta UNESCO, Hordhacyada doodaha Horudhaca ah ee Orientales G. Maisonneuve et Larose Paris, 1969) waxaa qoray Maurice M. Durand iyo Nguyễn Trần Huân, pp 181, 189. 
⁴⁵  Ku saabsan aruurinta qoraallada Nôm ee Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, arag: Alexander Barton Woodside, Fiyatnaam iyo Muunad Shiine ah, Daraasad isbarbardhig ah oo ku saabsan Fiyatnaamiis iyo Dowladda Shiinaha qeybtii koowaad ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1971, bogga 323 halkaas oo aan ka akhriyey bayaankan soo socda:Magaalada Paris, hoyga layaabka leh ee ururinta xiisaha leh ee qoraalada nôm ee Bibliothèque Nationale ayaa caqabad ku ah aqoonyahan kasta. " 
⁴⁶  Ding Quảng Haam, Le chữ nôm ou Ecriture demotique iwm… bogga 285. 
⁴⁷ Kawashima Motojiro: 元 次郎, 印 [船] 貿易 史 [Lịch sử mậu sidaasch thuyền Châu Ấn], 正 十年 九月 十 日 印刷, 正 十年 九月 十五 日 發行, 出版 株式會社, bogga 469. 
⁴⁸  Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Girolamo Maiorica iwm… op. tixraaca bogga 208-213.

Qoraalka isha: Daraasaadka Deegaanka iyo Dhaqanka 24, Jaamacadda Tokyo ee Daraasaadka Dibadda 1974. Daabacaad elektaroonig ah oo uu qoray Nguyễn Quang Trung iyo L and Vên Ðặng, Juun 2001. (Tạp chí Hán Nôm, Số 4 (77) 2006; Tr.3-21)

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03 / 2020