CHAU DOC - Cochinchina

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MARCEL BERNANOISE¹

I. Juqraafi ahaaneed

Waxay ku yaalliin waqooyi-galbeed ee Cochin-China, gobolka Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] waqooyi iyo dhanka galbeed waxaa ku xidhnaa Boqortooyada Cambodia, xagga koonfureed, iyo gobollada Hatien [Hà Tiên] iyo Raashiya [Rạch Giá], iyo bariga, iyo gobollada Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] iyo Tanaan [Tan An].

AMARKA

Gobolkan, oo leh ku dhawaad 275.876 hektar, waxaa aasaasey dhul ballaadhan, oo leh baaxad aad u sarreysa oo leh toddobo buurood, oo ah meesha ugu sarreysa ay tahay Nui Cam [Núi Cấm] (880m), masaafo dheer 40km u jirta magaalada ugu weyn. Meel u dhaw magaalada ugu weyn, waa Nui Sam [Núi Sam], waa buuro aad u yar, oo dhererkeedu yahay 232 mitir, oo ku taal diiradda kaas oo loo dhisay Sanatorium 1896.

HYDROGROGYADA

Labada laamood ee wabiga Mekong wuxuu ku socdaa guud ahaan gobolka oo dhan, kaasoo sidoo kale leh laba kanaal oo waaweyn, the Vinh Te [Vĩnh Tế] kanaalka wuxuu ka bilowdaa Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] 900m ayaa ka soo baxda meeshuu ku biiro Bassac Webiga [Bassac], dhanka woqooyi ee magaalada, ka dibna wuxuu kusii jeedaa dhanka bari, oo ku sii jeedaa bannaanka weyn ee Jones, wuxuu dhex maraa labada buurood, Nui Cau [Núi Cậu] iyo the Nui Tabec [Núi Ta Béc], waxayna ku dhamaanaysaa tuulada Chen Thanh. The Vinh An [Vĩnh An] kanaalku wuxuu xirayaa Bassac Webiga [Bassac] oo leh hal laan Mekong Wabiga [Mê Kông], laga bilaabo Phumsoai [Phum Soài], waxay ku dhamaanaysaa tuulada Phu dheer [Long Phú], 100m oo suuqa suuqa ah Tanchau [Tân Châu]. Dhererkiisu waa 17km dhererkiisuna waa 15 mitir.

LIISKA

Cimilada Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] si fiican ayuu u caafimaad qabaa, heerkulkuna wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 18 iyo 26 digrii centigrade. Waxay leedahay xilli roobaadka caadiga ah laga bilaabo May illaa Oktoobar.

RIIXAHA

Gobolka waxaa ku goosha shabakad wadooyin khad ah, oo ka kooban marinnada gumeysiga laga bilaabo Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ilaa Longxuyen [Xuyên Dheer] (wali uma furna taraafikada), Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ilaa Hatien Jidka [Hà Tiên], iyo wadooyinka gobolka ka Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ilaa Tinhbien [Tategh Biên], iyo ka Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] ilaa Tanchau [Tân Châu]. Magaalada ugu weyn ayaa 177km u jirta Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], 127km u jirta Hatien [Hà Tiên], 112km u jirta Bockor, iyo 270km u jirta Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Marka Longxuyen [Long Xuyên] ilaa kaliya Wadada [Sa Đéc] waa la furay, Saigon [Sài Gòn] waxay kaliya 225km u jirtaa magaalada ugu weyn.

II. Juqraafiga Maamulka

Gobolka Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 12 gobol, oo loo sameeyay 4 degmo oo maamul ah, oo uu madax u yahay ergo maamul oo asal ah oo cunay. Afarta degmo waa:

waftiga Chauphu [Châu Pú];
taas oo ah Tanchau [Tan Châu];
taas oo ah Tinhbien [Tategh Biên];
taas oo ah Triton [Tri Tôn].

III. Joqraafiga dhaqaalaha

GARGAARKA

Gobolka waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood, degmooyinka hoose ee beenta hoose iyo kuwa guud ahaan degmooyinka buur. Bariiska iyo galleyda ayaa ah dalaga ugu weyn,

a) Bariis: Bariiska ayaa ku koray Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] waa noocyo dhowr ah: bariis "xilli" "bariis" hore, bariis "dambe" iyo bariis "cusub". Bariiska “xilligiisii”, ama lua-mua, wuxuu la mid yahay sidii lagu beero gobollada kale ee Cochin-China. Bariiskaan waxaa kaliya lagu abuuri karaa degmada lYiton, maadaama dhulkan uusan daadin wabiga Mekong. Bariiska “flottant”, ama lua-sa, oo laga keenay Siam qiyaastii 12 sano ka hor, waxaa ku jira noocyo kala duwan, oo loogu magac daray magacyo gaar ah oo la xiriira, ama waddanka uu ka yimid, ama qaabka hadhuudhka, ama xilliga ubax, ama qaan gaadhnimada Gaarnaanta bariiskan ayaa ah in si dhakhso ah loo baahiyo iyada oo aan jirin wax shaqo ah oo aan ahayn tan lagu gubo haramaha beeraha ka hor beero. Carro malahan at Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] run ahaantii waxay ku habboon yihiin bariiska "hore", ama lua-som, oo si wada-jir ah loo yaqaan Lua Ba Trang [L Tsoa Bà Trăng]. Beerista bariiskan waxaa la isku dayaa kaliya isla marka ay daadadku daadadku yaraadaan. Bariis “Late” bariis, ama lua-gian, ayaa sidoo kale lagu beeray degmooyinka ay daadadku ka buuxsameen sanadkii, xilligii ay yaraadaan,

b) Galay: Bariiskaas ka dib, beerista galleyda ayaa ah tan ugu xiisaha badan. Waxaa lagu beeray in ka badan ama ka yar meel aad u badan, laakiin guud ahaan degmooyinka Tanchau [Tân Châu] iyo Chau Phu [Châu Phú].

DHAQANKA

Waxa jira laba mashiin oo qurxinta at Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], laakiin kuwanu kama shaqeynayeen muddo sanad ka badan goosashada liidata aawadeed. Waxa jira warshad koronto oo hoos timaada maamulka tooska ah ee Chau Phu [Châu Phú] (magaalada ugu weyn) awood bille ah 4.000kw awood. Warshadaha xariir ayaa laga sii wadaa degmooyinka Tanchau [Tân Châu] iyo Triton [Tri Tôn]. Waxa jira 180 xanaano xirmooyin xashiish ah, 43 moolal wax lagu buufiyo, iyo 41 oo ka shaqaysa dharka wax lagu tolo Tanchau [Tân Châu]. Ku dhawaad dhammaan wanaagga wanaagga reer Cambodanka ee Triton [Tri Tôn] waxay soosaaraa dixiriyo xariir waxayna soo saartaan xariir tiro aad u xaddidan si ay iyagu u adeegsadaan. Waxay u shaqeeyaan si taxaddar la'aan ah oo aan dariiq lahayn, xariirkuna waa tayo aad u liidata, oo aan ganacsi ahaan faa'iido lahayn. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay ku soo bandhigayaan carwada sannadlaha ah ee Hanoi dhowr dhar ay sameeyeen, iyada oo xoogaa guulo ah. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah wax-soo-saarka granite at Nui Sam [Núi Sam], oo ay wada shaqeeyeen dhowr guumaystayaal, iyo qandaraasleyaal Shiinaha iyo Annamite ah. Waxa jira dhawr hawlo indigoon oo dhaw Tanchau [Tân Châu]; indigogu waa tayo wanaagsan laakiin si xun ayaa loo diyaariyey. Dadka reer guuraaga ah ee ku nool xeebaha kanaalka Vinh Te [Vĩnh Tế] samee sariir dhaqso leh iyo joonyadodem iyo caron). Kuwaani waxaa sameeya oo keliya dumarka, laakiin warshadaha waxay u eg tahay inay u dhintaan sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in xayawaanka duurjoogta ah ay weligoodba sii yaraanayaan, marka ay sii badato dhulka.

Kalluumeysiga

Qaybta ugu badan ee dadweynaha gobolka ayaa ku mashquulsan kalluumeysiga. Kaliya kuma kalluumeystaan durdurrada, laakiin sidoo kale barkadaha, balliyada kalluunka iyo godadka kalluunka. Kalluunka waxaa la iibiyaa cusub, la qalajiyey oo la cusbaynayaa. Dhowr nooc oo kaluun ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa diyaarinta nuoc-mam, mam, iyo saliida; Kalluunka la qalajiyey iyo cusbada la galiyay waxaa loo dhoofiyaa Shiinaha iyo Singapore.

HOOYADA

Ugaarsashada at Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] mudnaan gaar ah ayuu leeyahay. Degmada buuraleyda ah, oo 17km u jirta magaalada ugu weyn, dhinaca Triton, waa ciyaar buuxda. Waxaa jira shabeellada, shabeellada-bisadaha, bisadaha duurjoogta ah, balliyo, caws, boodh duurjoog ah, iwm. Xayrooyinka, jajabka iyo shimbiraha duurjoogta ah way badan yihiin. Kamboodiyaashu waa ugaarsade weyn. Dadka ku nool tuulo ayaa had iyo jeer abaabul dagaal. Marka qofka reer Kambodiyanka ah kibirka uu ku haysto qoriga, si dhakhso leh ayuu ubad fiican u yahay.

BULSHADA

Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] waa suuq wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay wax soo saarka Kambodiya. Suuqyada Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], Tanchau [Tan Châu], Tinhbien [Tategh Biên] iyo Triton [Tri Tôn] maalin walba way sii fidayaan. Waxaa jira ganacsi si cadaalad ah u shaqeeya Chaudoc [Châu Đốc] xoolaha, hadhuudhka iyo xariirkaba. Badeecadaha ka imanaya Shiinaha ayaa ka hela iib-ka-gaadh hoose oo ka mid ah kuwa ku nool gudaha gobolka. Sidoo kale waa in la sheegaa in badeecadaha ka yimid Tonkin ay diyaar u yihiin 'iibin' gudaha ah Chaudoc [Châu Đốc], iyo waliba gobolada kale.

BAN TU THƯ
1 / 2020

FIIRO GAAR AH:
1: Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Rinjiraha, wuxuu ku dhashay xaafadda Valenciennes - oo ah gobolka ugu hooseeya waqooyiga Faransiiska. Soo koobid nolosha iyo shaqada:
+ 1905-1920: Ka shaqeynta gudaha Indochina oo mas'uul ka ahaa howsha Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Indochina;
+ 1910: Macalinka Dugsiga Far East School ee Faransiiska;
+ 1913: Barashada farshaxanka asaliga ah iyo daabicista dhowr maqaal oo cilmiyeed;
+ 1920: Wuxuu ku noqday Faransiiska wuxuuna soo abaabulay bandhigyo farshaxan ah magaalada Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - sawirro muuqaal ah oo ku saabsan Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, iyo sidoo kale xusuusno qaarkood oo ka yimid Bariga Fog;
+ 1922: Daabacaadda buugaagta Farshaxanka Qurxinta ee Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Waxay ku guuleysteen abaalmarin weyn Bandhiggii Gumeysiga ee Marseille, waxayna iskaashi la sameeyeen naqshadeeyaha Pavillon de l'Indochine si loo abuuro waxyaabo gudaha ah;
+ 1952: Waxay dhimataa da'da 68 waxayna ka tagtaa tiro badan oo sawirro iyo sawirro ah;
+ 2017: Aqoon isweydaarsiga rinjiyeynta ayaa si guul leh ku bilaabatay farcankiisa.

tixraacyada:
"Buug"LA COCHINHIN”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [HĐứng Đức] Daabacayaasha, Hanoi, 2018.
◊ wikipedia.org
Words Erayada Farta Farta Fiyatnaamiska ee sida muuqata loo beeniyay waxaa lagu dhejiyay gudaha calaamadaha oraahda - waxaa dejiyay Ban Tu Thu.

FADLAN BADAN:
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 1
◊ CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Qaybta 2
◊ SAIGON - La Cochinchine
◊ GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
◊ BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
◊ THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
◊ MY THO - La Cochinchine
◊ TAN AN - La Cochinchine
◊ COCHINCHINA